Thermal Radiation: The Stefan-Boltzmann constant, the black body radiations, Shape factors and their relationships, Heat exchange b/w non-black bodies, Electrical network for radiative exchange in an enclosure of two or three gray bodies, Radiation shields.

 

Static and Dynamic Characteristics of Instruments: Introduction, Accuracy, Precision, Resolution, Threshold, Sensitivity, Linearity, Hysteresis, Dead Band, Backlash, Drift, Formulation of Differential equation Dynamic Performance- Zero order, First order and Second order systems, Response of FIRST and SECOND order systems to STEP, RAMP, IMPULSE and HARMONIC functions.